Which of the following terms refers to the systematic exclusion of groups within society?

The term that accurately refers to the systematic exclusion of groups within society is systemic oppression. This concept encompasses the pervasive and entrenched institutional dynamics that create and maintain barriers for marginalized groups, preventing them from accessing resources, opportunities, and equal rights. Systemic oppression is not a singular act of discrimination; rather, it represents a framework within which multiple social institutions—such as the legal system, education, and economic structures—interact to perpetuate inequality and power imbalances.

In contrast, equity refers to fairness and justice in the distribution of resources and opportunities, aiming to level the playing field for all individuals. Social cohesion describes the bonds that bring society together, promoting a sense of belonging and unity, which contrasts with the notion of exclusion. Inclusive development focuses on ensuring that all members of society can participate fully in economic, social, and political processes, actively working against exclusionary practices. Thus, systemic oppression specifically captures the ongoing and organized nature of exclusion, making it the correct term for this question.