Which of the following concepts did NOT emerge from critical theory?

The concept of separation/individuation does not originate from critical theory. Critical theory primarily focuses on societal structures of power, inequality, and the role of culture in shaping social relations. Concepts like intersectionality, conscientization, and social construction align closely with critical theory's objective of examining and critiquing the social systems and their impact on marginalized groups.

Intersectionality, which involves understanding how various social identities, such as race, gender, and class, intersect to create unique dynamics of oppression and privilege, is rooted in critical social theorists' work, particularly within feminist and anti-racist frameworks.

Conscientization, a term coined by Paulo Freire, emphasizes the process of developing a critical awareness of one's social reality through reflection and action. This aligns with critical theory's emphasis on empowerment and the importance of understanding societal forces that influence individuals.

Social construction refers to the ways in which social phenomena develop in social contexts, and this idea is fundamental in critical theory's analysis of how societal norms and meanings are created and maintained.

In contrast, separation/individuation originates from psychoanalytic theory, particularly in the context of child development and the process by which individuals develop a sense of self separate from their caregivers. This concept is not rooted in the principles