What behavioral theory of community is characterized by learning through observation?

The behavioral theory of community characterized by learning through observation is Social Learning Theory. This theory, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes that people can learn new behaviors, norms, and values by observing others. In a community context, individuals and groups learn from the experiences and actions of those around them. This observational learning is crucial in social work, as it helps practitioners understand how behaviors can be modeled and adopted within communities.

Social Learning Theory posits that behaviors are not only taught directly but are also absorbed through social contexts, where individuals see the consequences of others' actions. For instance, if individuals observe someone being rewarded for a positive behavior, they may be more likely to engage in that behavior themselves, reinforcing the learning process.

In contrast, the other theories focus on different aspects of social interaction or behavior. For example, Social Exchange Theory emphasizes the costs and benefits of social interactions rather than the role of observation. Efficacy Theory centers around individuals' beliefs in their ability to perform actions leading to desired outcomes, and Behavioral Reinforcement Theory is focused on the consequences of behaviors (rewards and punishments) rather than observational learning. Thus, Social Learning Theory stands out for its specific emphasis on the learning process through observation, making it the correct choice.